How Programming languages came into existence
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Hi, friends, I’m back with another post. In this post, I’m going to discuss the evolution of the programming languages.
Ok then Initially
programming languages were officially evolved in the year of 1957. I don’t irritate
you by saying simple history and make you sleep in my class. So I will say
just types and its evolution. before going into the evolution of programming
languages. you should know about the basic terms of coding.
Machine
code
The first and foremost one is
machine code.
I think all of you know what the
computer understands. If you don’t know don’t worry I’m going to explain it.
We speak different kinds of languages like
English, Hindi, Telugu etc. But the computer can speak and understand only one
language that is machine code. In this machine code, only 1 and 0 are used. It
is very tough for the human being to learn and understand. So
Assembly Languages
Instead
of writing instructions in binaries, programmers
could code
something like “STORE_A 14”.
Of
course, a computer has no idea what “STORE_A 14” is.
It
doesn’t recognize text-based language, it can recognize only binary.
And so
programmers came up with this idea.
They
created reusable helper programs, in binary that can read text-based
instructions
and automatically
assemble them into the corresponding binary instructions.
These
are known as assembly languages.
It
reads a program written in an Assembly Language and converts it to native
machine code.
“STORE_A
14” is one of the examples of an assembly language command.
Assembly languages are the next
generation languages to the machine code. Even these types of languages are
known as low-level languages. In this type of languages in the place of the
binaries, simple words like “LOAD”, “PRINT” and etc were replaced. This is somewhat
easier than machine code. These languages are not object-oriented-languages. Some
of the examples are IBM dos, lotus and etc.If you don’t know what are object-oriented languages then listen.
Object-Oriented Languages
First OOL came in the focus in the year
1962. The name of the language is simula. Object-oriented languages are the
languages where we can define our own variables and functions. The OOL will be
more user-friendly than non-OOL.
High-level languages
A high-level language is one of the types
of programming languages. These will be more user-friendly. High-level
languages are less code more efficient. Some of the languages are python, java,
c and etc. Do you know that the if we write c code in 10 lines you can write it
in 3 lines in java and 1 line in python
Then we will go to the past.
1st
generation languages
What are 1st generation
languages? 1st generation languages are launched in the 1940’s period.
It is also known as machine code, binaries and low-level languages. It is the
only language that a computer can understand without a compiler. A compiler
means like a translator for the computer. It is still used for low-level
functions like drivers, firmware and hardware manipulation. This language is
not portable because the memory locations may vary by computer for example
“STORE_A 14” is stored in my computer at memory location 1 but it may vary as
computer varies.
Advantages
and Disadvantages of 1GL
Advantages
·
It does not need compiler because the language itself is
computer’s native language.
·
It is fast and efficient because it does need to compile. By
reading itself it can recognize.
Disadvantages
·
This all code have to be remembered
·
If we get an error it is difficult to solve because it is all 0 and
1
·
All memory places have to remember
If we
follow this then more than the code our notes will be more
2nd
Generation languages
By seeing the picture itself you are
going to have an idea a language called assembly language going to be converted
into machine code then it is recognized by cpu.
These Languages are introduced in the
1950’s. This 2nd GL is known as an assembler. Commands will be in the
form of mnemonic code instead of 0’s and 1’s like MUL for multiplying. These
types of commands are compiled by assemblers. Even these type of languages are
not portable. These type of languages are still used for game, video editing
and graphic manipulation.
Advantages
and Disadvantages of 2GL
Advantages
It is also fast and efficient language. For these type of
languages, you don’t need to remember the memory locations. Binaries are
replaced mnemonic code which is easy to remember than binary
Disadvantages
Even this language takes more time to code program because
even remembering these mnemonic codes are hard. There is no portability between
computers and even no SDK’s are there for this development.
3rd
Generation Programming Languages
Types of High Level
Languages
Algebraic
formula based processing :
These languages are used
for formula solving problems
Examples :
ALGOL (Algorithmic Language)
FORTRAN
(FORmula TRANslator)
BASIC(Basic
Algorithm Symbolic )
These
type of languages are used for calculations
Business
Data processing:
These languages are used shopping
bills and storage of files for business
Examples:
COBOL
(COmmon Business Oriented Language)
RPG
(Report Program Generator)
String
and list processing:
These types of languages
are used for searching, editing like delete and inserting the data.
LISP
(LIst PRocessing)
Prolog
(PROgram in LOGic)
Object
Oriented Programming system (OOPS)
It is used for various
purposes for app building
Examples:
Java
Script
Objective
C
Java
Visual
Programming Language
It is used for building
Windows-based applications
Examples
Visual
c#
Visual
basic
Scratch
Advantages
and Disadvantages of 3GL
Advantages
Easy to learn because the code a slight human language even this
is portable between the computer you can install it anywhere just with that .exe
file for java files you need JDK this is one exception and the syntax is much less than the previous Gls
Disadvantages
Less Efficient and less fast when compared to assembly and machine
languages
4th
Generation Programming Languages
Those are launched between 1970’s and 1990’s period. It is similar
to natural languages. If you are using 10 lines in 3rd generation languages
then in 4th generation languages it is just 1 line. It doesn’t
depend on the machine because it is not machine language. It is non-procedural
language
Some of Languages are:
SQL
FOCUS
XBase++
Accelerator
5th
Generation Programming Languages
It is a programming language based on
problem-solving using constraints given to the program, rather than using an algorithm written by a programmer
These
languages Launched in the 1990s
Examples
of the languages are Mercury, OPS5, and Prolog.
These
type languages mainly used for AI Research like in iron man 1 movie.
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